Little’s Second Law: "People are remarkably good at doing…"

Little’s Law is justly famous. I highly advise that your firm think about it, and use it as a justification for reducing the number of projects “in the system”. And for having team members only work on one project. There are other reasons to do this, but Little’s Law is enough.

Now I want to invent Little’s Second Law. (This time it is a different Mr. Little, your humble blogster.)

It is: “People are remarkably good at doing what they want to do.”

This is a law of human nature. Linked to the top value of Agile (in my opinion): Humanity or People. And linked to one of my favorite documents, The Declaration of Independence.

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

Since we are free, we do what we want. We can be advised or commanded, but we will ultimately do what we want (and this is probably a good thing, especially if you want us to do it well at all).

In one sense, it is another way of saying “where there’s a will, there’s a way.”

The law also directly implies that people are remarkably good at not doing what they don’t want to do.

To me, the law suggests to managers and those on teams who would lead, that they convince and influence people to understand why they want to do something. You are not changing motivation, you are revealing motivation.

To me, it implies one should work with good people who generally will want to do the right thing, once they see and understand it. If you work in alignment with the energy of this law, success can come easily. If you work against this law, success can be difficult.

In my opinion, Lean-Agile has this law embedded in many of its practices. For example, it reminds me of one of the Poppendiecks’ 7 principles: Respect People.

A few comments about what this law does not say or imply (in my opinion).

This law does not imply that people will always want the right things. This law does not imply that people will always have the courage to do the right thing. The law does not imply that people will never be lazy.

Origin: I am fond of quotes, as some of you will have guessed by now. This phrase came to me one day, as I was thinking of some quotes. In fact, I thought it was a quote for a moment. And I remember thinking: “This is a bit mushy to be a quote. Really it is kind of obvious.” And certainly it was to me. But the phrase would not leave me. I used it in several teaching and coaching situations, and it struck me as an obvious truth, a truth that some managers seem to want to avoid. (I suppose many of them want to live in the fantasy that they can control other people. To the degree this might really be true, this is slavery, a most abhorrent thing.) And it is a truth that many of us, including myself, do not recognize and work in accordance with often enough.

By and by, it struck me that this phrase, which just came to me, was important enough to call a law. Surely it is not without meaning that “it just came to me”. So I call it Little’s Second Law rather modestly, and somewhat jokingly. And in deference to Little’s Law, which also needs more recognition.

Little’s Law – Lean Software Development – 3

Again, the Poppendieck’s are coming to Charlotte (see here), so this is a continuation of posts on ideas they talk about.

This one is a particular favorite of mine: Little’s Law. (No, not me.) This is from John Little, a professor at MIT’s Sloan School, and it’s in regard to queuing theory.

So, we believe (and in fact long experience has shown) that we should satisfy the customer as quickly as possible. Reduce end-to-end cycle time. Thus, for example, we use value stream mapping in Lean.

So, we have a black box (the business system/process) and we want things to go through that box as quickly as possible. One way of looking at this is queuing theory. Every time you stand in line at a grocery store or a bank or an airport, you are hoping that someone there has studied and implemented queuing theory.

Now, I am not going into queuing theory a lot. Let’s just discuss Little’s Law. It states something that is actually obvious common sense (and he proved it mathematically): the average time is takes a thing (say, a person) to go through the black box is equal to the number of items in process divided by the average completion rate per item (when the system is running well).

In other words, if there are 10 people in line, and each of two tellers can serve one person every 5 minutes, you can expect the last two people to be “completed” after 25 minutes. And, if people arrive in the queue at 2 per five minutes, you can expect the average completion time for the day to approach 25 minutes for all customers.

So what? How do I use this in my project?

Well, from this we deduce…put fewer things in process. To get stories done quickly, only work on one or two stories at a time. Don’t make a big backlog of stories, so that you can release more quickly. If you want your projects completed more quickly, start fewer of them.

These are simple statements, and in practice need some modification (eg, consideration of all the other factors in play).

One of the bigger ones is the cost for people doing task-switching. This is generally far larger than generally recognized (eg, effort and motivation and FUD). These costs for human systems (eg, a SW dev team) urges us even more to put fewer things in process.

There is generally minimal cost associated with implementing Little’s Law, except…for the cost of changing the way your colleagues look at work and work-in-process. An important cost, but worth it.